When you are addicted to drugs or alcohol, your brain and body rely on the substance to function properly. Suddenly stopping the use of it will lead to withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal can be painful and even life-threatening, so medical detox is the first and one of the most important steps in recovery.
The withdrawal symptoms you experience will depend on what substance you are abusing. The same goes for how long your symptoms will last. While most people overcome withdrawal within two weeks, symptoms can sometimes linger for an extended time.
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a condition that is characterized by experiencing prolonged symptoms of withdrawal.[1] Usually, PAWS only includes psychological symptoms of withdrawal like cravings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, and more. It is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain that take a bit longer to stabilize.
Unfortunately, PAWS can increase your risk of relapse if it is not treated. Thankfully, drug rehab programs and detox centers can offer the medications and treatments you need to maintain sobriety while experiencing post-acute withdrawal symptoms.
What you will learn:
- What is post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS)?
- What are the common symptoms of PAWS?
- How is post-acute withdrawal syndrome treated?
What is Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS)?
According to Science Direct, “Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) refers to a cluster of psychological and mood-related symptoms that can last for months to years.”[2]
The withdrawal symptoms you experience when initially quitting drugs or alcohol are referred to as the acute withdrawal stage. Depending on the substance you were addicted to, these symptoms usually subside after two weeks. Post-acute withdrawal describes symptoms, usually psychological, that continue to affect you after acute withdrawal has been completed.
PAWS symptoms include mood swings, depression, anxiety, trouble sleeping, cravings for drugs and alcohol, and more. While there are no life-threatening complications associated with post-acute withdrawal, it does require professional treatment. The symptoms could cause you to relapse, putting your long-term recovery at risk.
What are the Symptoms of PAWS?
Post-acute withdrawal begins after acute withdrawal has been completed. While PAWS tends to be less intense, it can be incredibly difficult to cope with. Most of your physical symptoms will be gone, however, the psychological ones can also be distressing.
The common symptoms of post-acute withdrawal include:[3]
- Memory issues and feeling like you’re in a fog
- Cravings to abuse drugs or alcohol
- Irritability and tension
- Mood swings
- Fatigue
- Sleep disturbances
- Coordination issues
- Stress, anxiety, and panic
- Depression and suicidal thoughts
- Trouble focusing or making decisions
The symptoms of PAWS can come and go. These symptoms can persist for up to a year, which means it is important that you seek medical treatment. Symptoms of anxiety and depression can become severe, requiring medication and therapy to overcome.
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome can occur after the abuse of a wide variety of substances. It is most common among opioid and alcohol addicts.
If you are dealing with the symptoms of PAWS, an addiction treatment program can help you develop vital coping strategies and lifestyle changes that help you to feel better.
How is PAWS Treated?
When enduring drug and alcohol withdrawal, you are likely looking forward to feeling like yourself again. Experiencing post-acute withdrawal can feel like a huge letdown. You must have support when coping with PAWS.
Treatment for PAWS involves:
Medication
Some of the symptoms of PAWS should be managed using medications. For example, if you are experiencing cravings for alcohol, you might be prescribed Vivitrol (naltrexone). This injection prevents urges and cravings to abuse alcohol, lessening your chances of relapsing.[4]
Let’s say your PAWS is causing severe depression and anxiety. In this case, you might be given an anti-depressant medication that can lessen these symptoms.
Addiction treatment programs will use non-habit-forming medications to ensure that your symptoms remain manageable.
Holistic Care
In addition to medication, you will be able to participate in holistic care services. Examples of holistic therapies that can treat PAWS include yoga, meditation, acupuncture, massage, art or music therapy, and more. These strategies naturally reduce stress, make it easier to manage your emotions, and reduce pain from stress or tension.
Behavioral Therapy
Lastly, behavioral therapy is often used to manage the psychological symptoms of PAWS. If you are dealing with intense mood swings, therapy can help you develop emotional regulation skills. For example, you might learn mindfulness techniques that help you stay in the present moment, identify your feelings, and healthily express them.
Get Connected to a Top-Rated Drug and Alcohol Rehab Center
If you or a loved one suffers from drug addiction or alcoholism, it’s time to seek help. Recovering from addiction often involves overcoming acute and post-acute withdrawal. By attending a rehab center, you will secure the support and treatments you need to successfully obtain long-term recovery.
At PAX Memphis, we can connect you with a reputable drug and alcohol rehab center near you. Contact us today for more information on how to get started.
References:
- The Journal of Addiction Medicine: Post-acute withdrawal syndrome
- Science Direct: Identification and Evidence-Based Treatment of Post–Acute Withdrawal Syndrome
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics: Post-acute withdrawal syndrome
- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): What is Naltrexone